Friday, 3 October 2014

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management

Executive Summary
This report outlines a business plan to establish a restaurant ‘Nutri Break’ which will focus on serving, healthy breakfast, light lunch and snacks, to office goers, working mothers and tourists. The area of operation of Nutri Break will be a business centre in the city of London and outlet will cater to an area of approximately 20 square miles.
The report studies the various trends and statistics (such as growing health concerns and less time to cook at home) that support the business opportunity; and also underlines the various threats (such as low disposable income and rising costs) to prepare a sound exit plan. Both the pointers contributing to the creation of a well structured business proposal.

Service Details

The proposed service in this business plan is that of a restaurant/eatery. The proposed name of the outlet is ‘Nutri Break’ and it is positioned to be launched within 1-2 years. The restaurant will be catering to the ‘city of London’ a major city centre in London. Although it is noted that a number of restaurants is already catering to the populace, but only very few focus on healthy breakfast, light lunch and nutritious snacks as alternative food options on their menu. As an ever increasing number of Londoners are working class having little time or skills for cooking, a proposition as Nutri Break is well suited to the requirements of the city. This is further evidenced by the fact that an average London household spends 8-9% of income on eating out or drinking and the proportion of eating out has grown from 36%-60% in the last four decades.
 Nutri Break aims to win over a clientele by operating on a quick service restaurant format to make it lucrative to young professionals who are tired of eating from fast food outlets and are moving towards healthier choices. The format will enable the customer to pay while ordering (thus cutting the need to wait for the bill and easing the customer to move out at will) thus, combining the benefits of both a full service restaurant as well as a fast food outlet. Further, the restaurant will be based at a convenient location and will focus on serving delicious meals (comparable to home cooked ones), and selling frozen food and food mixes (to enable clients to enjoy partially home cooked food without the labour that goes into it).
Close to 74 restaurants went out of business in 2010; this is strong evidence to the fact that restaurant business is not all that rosy a picture it seems to be. High material costs, labour problems, changing consumer tastes, competition and an industry with inherent low margins it is difficult to sustain such a business and it can only be done with strong business prudence.
In this report we undertake a structured approach to prepare a sound business plan for Nutri Break, This will be done by means of the following sections, market and competitor analysis, marketing plan, organisational plan, operational plan, financial plan and, future planning and risk assessment .

Market and Key Competitor Analysis

Given the statistics that, an average adult in the UK goes out to eat over 201 times a year, the restaurant/eatery industry employs over 1.13 million people in the UK and the quick service restaurant (QSR) industry has a 3.0% share in the £4.92 billion which makes it extremely lucrative to step in to the business. Examined below are mentioned some of the trends that may influence the business in the QSR market especially one like Nutri Break:
1.     Busy lifestyle
Increasing number of Londoners is now becoming a part of the working class lifestyles. Employed by various corporations, business holdings and government establishments, increasing number of people are taking to the streets early morning to commute to work and back in the evenings. Such a pace has left little time with households (and especially working women) to cook meals also, a lot of young people lack the skills to cook. This only amplifies the need for Nutri Break to cater nutritious meals.

2.     Health conscious

A lot of people around the world (especially in the developed world) are becoming conscious of the need to maintain good health to prevent diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancers, etc. This has lead to a surge in demand for healthier food options and a lack of preference for junk diet.   

3.     Dine in as well as take away

With decreasing time for self, food on the go is the preferred choice of restaurant goers; with over 65% of restaurant meal occasions happening at quick service outlets. This has only increased the relevance of including a take away option in dine in format of Nutri Break restaurant.

Competition

There are over 250,000 eating outlets across the UK. In a sector that is growing at the rate of over 3% annually and has seen 134 new opening in 2011-12 competition cannot be ignored or avoided. A lucrative sector as this is bound to attract new players and Nutri Break will have to tackle the ones in its immediate locality.
The probable competitors of Nutri Break can be listed in 2 distinct groups:
1.       Direct Competition- these will be eateries serving a similar offering as Nutri Break. Restaurants such as Chipotle, Vapiano, The Delaunay, Bill’s and the like will be the kind of competition the restaurant is likely to face. The good news is that there aren’t much like these and the bad news is that these have a loyal clientele and a positive brand value; competing with such restaurants will be a tough nut.
2.       Indirect competition- this group comprises of every other eatery alternative available to the target consumer. These could be fast food outlets such as McDonald’s, street food, or simple homemade meals. Consumer’s preference (or lack of any) among these alternatives will determine whether such a consumer will be willing to try a restaurant serving nutritious meals.

Marketing Plan


Target Market

The target market of Nutri Break is the young office goer of age 21-45. Such a population is the one which is always on the go, has least time for household chores and handles maximum stress at the workplace. Nutri Break aims to cater to such a clientele and fill in the need gap presented by the opportunity.

Pricing

While pricing meals at Nutri Break a benchmarking process has been established to arrive at probable prices of the services and food at the outlet.
Since the closest competitors of the restaurant price a meal for two (with drinks) between £25-£30 (and these are full service restaurants), Nutri Break should price a meal for two between £15-£20 given Nutri Break will follow a QSR format which is more efficient and less involving than a full service establishment.  

Marketing Plan details

The marketing of Nutri Break restaurant is to be done over three phases, pre opening, post opening, and point of sales. A total of £10000 will be allocated annually as marketing budget and £14000 as pre launch expenditure. Promoters propose to employ a Public Relations firm for the pre opening effort however, post launch (and point of sales) marketing will be done by restaurant owners and managers. Discussed below are key marketing strategies to be employed:

1.     Local press and media

It will be the duty of the hired Public Relations agency to use its influence and contacts to promote the restaurant in the local media. Mediums such as bill boards, news paper inserts and flyer distribution will be utilised.

2.     Social Media and Email campaign

The target population of the restaurant is a tech savvy won. Using media such as facebook and twitter to gather audience for relation building endeavours is a must as a lot of young and middle aged population utilise such platforms for social interaction. The use of emails for various buzz marketing efforts as well as other promotion, can also be made.

3.     Coupon

Coupons are one of the most effective tools available to small businesses for attracting customers. The PR agency hired, can help to distribute trial and discount coupons among the target population of Nutri Break. This will encourage first purchases, giving a chance for the restaurant to build clientele. Also restaurant managers can give discount coupons or free meal vouchers to loyal clientele (to ensure repeat purchase behaviour) or, a coupon when they bring along someone new (to help build referral purchases)

4.     Cards in Fish Bowl

This is one of the most basic database gathering methods employed by small businesses. A fish bowl will be placed on the reception. Visitors will be encouraged to drop their business card in the owl. Contact information thus collected will be utilised in various email, text message (SMS) and social media programs.

Organisational Plan

1.     Structure

As briefed already the restaurant will follow a Quick Service Restaurant Format (having a seating capacity of 40 people at a time) which incorporates speed of operations as in a fast food outlet (or take away restaurant) and provides the services as in a full service restaurant.
This will be especially attractive to young working people who are forever on the go and require speed in service as well as a little creature comfort in designates leisure intervals.

2.     Team

The team promoting the restaurant will consist of three members:
1.       A Management graduate- providing for the requisite skills in starting up, promotion, marketing, finance, accounting and human resources.
2.       A Hospitality management graduate- who will take specific care of day to day operations of the restaurant. She will be the authority on matters such as restaurant format, design, menu, customer service programs and the like.
3.       A chef- This member will lend his culinary skills in preparing the delicacies and the ‘special flavour’ which will be the USP of the outlet.

     3.  Human Resources

The staff will be organised under the following heads:
1.       Kitchen staff- concerned with kitchen maintenance and preparing of orders.
2.       Waiting staff- will serve the customers
3.       Billing desk- Will take orders and collect cash
  This staff will be closely supervised by the owners (the team).
*employee training is mentioned as a part of Operational Plan.

Operational Plan

The operational plan details how the business will come into action. The plan basically focuses on three main problems, how the products/services offered will be produced, who will be the various suppliers of the business and how the service will reach the customer. Since it is a restaurant business, the production and distribution of the service will be a function of facility management. The major points under operational plan are briefed below:

1.     Facility

For a restaurant to attract any audience it is of prime importance to be based at a convenient location. Especially in the case of Nutri Break, where a customer (who wants to save time by not cooking at home) will not go out of the way  just for having a snack or breakfast. Thus finding a convenient location at reasonable prices will be imperative for restaurant’s success. Also, old/used furniture which can be easily refurbished will be sourced to save on costs. This furniture will be teamed with new decors and accessories, specific to the desired aesthetics of Nutri Break.

2.      Hours of operation

The restaurant focuses on providing breakfast and light snacks hence opening up at 6 a.m. and closing at 6 p.m. should meet the purpose of the outlet. The demands of the customer will be met in this time keeping in line with the usual eating habits/time. All items on the menu will be served in the operational hours of the restaurant.

3.     Employee Training

The chef will regularly preside over sessions to brief concerned employees about the offerings of the restaurant. Also, all employees will be cross trained in all business functions, should the need arise for filling in varying organisational roles.

4.      Systems control

Weekly inventory count and daily food count will be a necessary check to minimise wastage and monitor finances and stores.

5.     Suppliers

Food production will be mostly in house excepting for a few items like bakery which can be purchased from reliable local vendors to minimise on cost and save time. Other raw materials will be purchased from the local vegetables and grocery vendors. Since volumes of purchase won’t be as huge as that of a chain restaurant it will suit to establish relations with local vendors thus cutting on time and cost involved in procuring directly from farms or national vendors for a commodity.

Financial Plan

Nutri Break will require two types of funding. These are, seed funds which will be needed to start the business and maintain daily operations until a time the business becomes self sustaining; and the other are growth funds that will be needed to grow and expand, once the business is successful. The finance needs, methods of sourcing and break even forecast are briefed below:

1.     Start up cost

This cost comprises of all the expenditure that goes in to bringing the business to life that is, to get the operations of the business started. Thus all expenses diverted in hiring the PR agency, acquiring a place, furniture, décor, initial promotional expenses, daily operational expenses until break even and regular marketing efforts, are part of start up costs. The promoters intend to reserve £20000 for all initial facility establishment and agency hire costs. An additional £14000 will be reserved for pre launch promotion.

2.      Marketing

The restaurant will undertake a marketing program both at the time of launch and as an ongoing activity throughout the year as it is imperative in keeping the target audience engaged to the business. An initial launch budget of £14000 has been allocated for hiring the PR firm and marketing efforts; annually £10000 will be set aside for marketing budget.

3.     Operational

Daily operational expenses concern with all the costs incurred in running the day to day operations of the business. Such expenses are of the nature of electricity bills, employees’ wages, material costs and the like. All of such expenditure will be met from revenue however, deficit if any will be provided from the start up capital (for the first 6-10 months, until the business breaks even).

Fund sourcing

Seed capital will be sourced from the owners’ contribution from their savings as well as angel investors such as friends and relatives of the promoters will be sought to provide for the initial funding needs of the business. All investors will keep an agreed upon share of the business and will be periodically briefed about the affairs of the business. Once the business grabs a foothold in the market (assumed period for establishing clientele being six-ten months from start) all daily/operational expenditure will be met from revenue.
Growth funds needed for expanding may be met through bank loans or venture capitalists; choice being made according to circumstances at such time.

Break Even Forecast

Given an initial start up cost of £20000, pre launch marketing cost of £14000, annual marketing budget of £10000 and daily operational costs, the restaurant can expect to break even in the first 6-10 months (after building a stable clientele). This can be said assuming the price of a meal around £5-£10 it will take 9000 meals sold to recover start up cost. If the restaurant can sell approximately 300 meals a day this cost will be recovered within a month. However, some time will be needed to build such regular customer base and to earn extra revenue to meet operational costs.

Future

The future of Nutri Break rests on four pillars, risk assessment, exit strategy, short term and long term goals. These points are briefed below: 

Risk Assessment

In the restaurant industry the usual profit return before taxes is 5%; with such marginal profit percentage the industry is prone to a high failure rate thus, making it crucial to assess risk and prepare a clear exit plan.

1.      Competition

Once Nutri Break has some reasonable success, it is quite possible that existing as well as new players may try to adapt to the same model hence, posing direct threat to the profitability of Nutri Break. In such a dynamic market it is of crucial importance to innovate continually and stay ahead of competition in order to ensure customer loyalty.

1.      Model failure

It is quite probable that Nutri Breaks business model may fail altogether since a lot of people may not be willing to eat breakfast outside and also the current economic downturn and recessionary trends have left little disposable income with households. To counter such a scenario thorough understanding of trends backed by adequate research is needed.

2.      Costs

With a business with very high revenues and marginal profits, costs play a pivotal role in determining the success or failure of the enterprise. It is of importance to do real time costing, budgeting and setting up contingency or back up funds to sustain in times of adverse costs.

Exit Strategy

An exit strategy is imperative to mitigate the risks in the business. In case of Nutri Break the exit strategy will be quite simple, as there are a few tangible assets and mostly privately owned. Two strategies can be followed:
1.       Take Over- The restaurant can be sold to any party, business or hotel/restaurant group that shows interest. The value of the business will be calculated on going concern rates and goodwill added, and should recover sufficient funds to cover investments and returns of all investors.
2.       Sell out- The business can be closed (if no buyers are found) by, selling all kitchen equipment (which can sell at 60%-80% of original cost) and furniture and décor (since we employed used furniture it can be sold at almost the same rate), vacating the space and letting go the employees. Coupled with the cash in hand and bank, this method should recover the initial capital invested (although yield on sum invested may not be guaranteed).

Short/Medium Term Goals

Simply stated the short and medium term goals of the restaurant will be to:
1.       Break even within 6-10 months
2.       Build a loyal clientele
3.       Ensure a stable turnover
4.       Ensure a decent profitability to justify the capital and efforts invested

Long Term Goals

The long terms goals of Nutri Break are ambitious and cover the following points:
1.       To establish another facility within 2 years of starting up
2.       To start up a chain of nutritious meal serving restaurants within 5-7 years of first establishment
3.       To integrate back end and front end operations such as privately owned/monitored supply chain and an internal marketing/PR agency
4.       To diversify into various other concepts, models and businesses such as juice bars, budget hotels and take away restaurants.

Conclusion

It can be safely summed up that, although opening a restaurant in the booming food service industry is a lucrative proposal, the path must be treaded with utmost caution especially in the case of a format as Nutri Break which is quite novel in its approach and hence untested.
Steps to launch must only be taken when a thorough analysis of all statistics pertaining to the industry is done and a clear understanding of the trends in market and consumer behaviour is established.

References

1.       SunShine Café: A Breakfast Restaurant Business Plan By Lillian I Burrow; A professional paper in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Hospitality Administration Department of Hotel Administration
6.       www.bestlondonrestaurants.co.uk
7.        uk.businessesforsale.com
8.       www.gayot .com/restaurants/best-london-englang-top-10-restaurants


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